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環論

目錄

定義

一個環 (Ring) 必須是存在一組非空集合quicklatex.com-4c9f2bef380e13b907135ae088ec7b11_l3 環論,擁有兩組binary運算

  • quicklatex.com-34e15fb6fa81439789d408dd27b4554d_l3 環論 (加法運算)以及
  • quicklatex.com-04a014e4ced628d85e70e6876c5ea7b1_l3 環論 (乘法運算)

使得一些條件像是

(i) quicklatex.com-d36f1650f309c8181f0c3d0ea9cd58c1_l3 環論屬於abelian quicklatex.com-457248f4363c3ba1b9c33702dfb1fba4_l3 環論,存在quicklatex.com-381a420b469ed23066d810889e43d698_l3 環論作為加法單位元素 quicklatex.com-bd593da3d2de39f9728339929a1fd1a6_l3 環論.

(ii) quicklatex.com-d18de50f5923fa42328f044a420875ed_l3 環論,乘法運算存在相依性

(iii) quicklatex.com-83252e5de1599a79f5608a39d977e5b7_l3 環論,同時存在分配律

其中一個條件是我們稱quicklatex.com-4c9f2bef380e13b907135ae088ec7b11_l3 環論quicklatex.com-443f989ba4b0c626a64a43136c53a87c_l3 環論代表這個環擁有乘法單位元素 quicklatex.com-2d0a5278759ce9ac7116c95daa508440_l3 環論,意思即是quicklatex.com-b9b137524794f9be985eed070d03964c_l3 環論

而如果R存在可交換性 (commutative) 的話則滿足quicklatex.com-353759420838b75703976d56cf1edbf6_l3 環論

範例

(0) 任何體 (field) 皆屬於環,同時也屬於quicklatex.com-7a694d0358e707243a272d84272a7c20_l3 環論

(1) 當quicklatex.com-537cec37a4236c9164336ecd0a2e66b4_l3 環論整數群消掉quicklatex.com-8cef6b4f4f69246484c07bb5de49b6a5_l3 環論倍的整數群時,加法運算當中quicklatex.com-6599c470d1993140c8b485aaaf16ec82_l3 環論,而同時在乘法中quicklatex.com-f4c12395a5ebc84cf2a97ffb317b5704_l3 環論

quicklatex.com-30ee686d8c134c2b79fb466e7e64861a_l3 環論,所以我們可以稱quicklatex.com-e0095301b164be3ac6d33ac8a10de97c_l3 環論是一個unital commutative ring.

(2)在多項式 (polynomial) 環裡我們設quicklatex.com-4c9f2bef380e13b907135ae088ec7b11_l3 環論為任意的環,quicklatex.com-c6c90d988e1834d345b83cb6778a60a1_l3 環論quicklatex.com-4c9f2bef380e13b907135ae088ec7b11_l3 環論之中多項式環存在quicklatex.com-8cef6b4f4f69246484c07bb5de49b6a5_l3 環論組變數,這組quicklatex.com-4c9f2bef380e13b907135ae088ec7b11_l3 環論的組成是

    quicklatex.com-729b4c3f8b75286cf3e98977cdf27cb8_l3 環論

quicklatex.com-0f1a170181f471e1c3982c140b57805d_l3 環論quicklatex.com-2539eec27f9f94b8bc334bb38818dcb2_l3 環論的係數與quicklatex.com-9f6004b1c4efe2bbf68757fb8caf04a1_l3 環論quicklatex.com-c417b6b5775f0cbdcfc6a97654128ea2_l3 環論的項次有限集合的組合

針對quicklatex.com-697df2a4851c8b6289653822cce7c663_l3 環論,variable的quicklatex.com-fe1a45b7c4d05caf5318e62374aa3ad1_l3 環論可以視為quicklatex.com-8134a6f5f1b9d6371050921973e07954_l3 環論此存在單項式特性 (monomial)

quicklatex.com-57c8cdb507ce67c3b57805919659fc8e_l3 環論就能夠表示quicklatex.com-2f8cea0800afcd84370570c63b698398_l3 環論

任何quicklatex.com-8abcfaa7eda2c81e43b3a0876b32628a_l3 環論可以滿足於

    quicklatex.com-d1f9f6d28df035a4ffeb8bc228f78e4e_l3 環論

quicklatex.com-a723ca293d8e9f24a48babaa06b4900c_l3 環論意思是quicklatex.com-d2a75ce81009068de4558e758023a045_l3 環論中第quicklatex.com-814c54ed1143a0b5ce62eb9b5e4ecf51_l3 環論個係數

    quicklatex.com-e1c5b2129813ba3efa3ab5ece7d32524_l3 環論

這樣就可以讓quicklatex.com-4c3e2d38cc4250391b10e7978d16a65e_l3 環論在環上作乘法運算

    quicklatex.com-34330a823ab5f21cf46ab069e9ea39ee_l3 環論

而這項即是滿足quicklatex.com-cdaffcbccd88063a69b600adfd877ae3_l3 環論在環上的加法運算

  • quicklatex.com-4c9f2bef380e13b907135ae088ec7b11_l3 環論存在可交換性 quicklatex.com-a439f03dabcb1c1ece05ab86f2561b28_l3 環論存在可交換性
  • R屬於unital quicklatex.com-34836ffbf95797bbf7b15bff6dbf8c6a_l3 環論屬於unital

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I'm Scientia, currently a graduate student. My research interests include Cryptology, Cryptographic Engineering, Security and Privacy, Computational Complexity, Quantum Cryptography, Hardware Security, Cybersecurity and Anomaly Detection.

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